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NASA's Kepler Spies Changing
Phases on a Distant World
Phases on a Distant World
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"Victoria crater" Image Credit: NASA/JPL/Cornell SPACE
HOME (Space)
NASA spots
'gamma ray-only'
pulsar
The Indian's Space
Program
Spaceman drinks
urine
Water Purification
Black Hole
Apophis
Planets
Mars-Methane
NASA spots
'gamma ray-only'
pulsar
The Indian's Space
Program
Spaceman drinks
urine
Water Purification
Black Hole
Apophis
Planets
Mars-Methane
NASA's new exoplanet-hunting Kepler space telescope has detected the atmosphere of a known
giant gas planet, demonstrating the telescope's extraordinary scientific capabilities. The discovery
will be published Friday, Aug. 7, in the journal Science.
The find is based on a relatively short 10 days of test data collected before the official start of
science operations. Kepler was launched March 6, 2009, from Cape Canaveral Air Force Station in
Florida. The observation demonstrates the extremely high precision of the measurements made by
the telescope, even before its calibration and data analysis software were finished.
"As NASA's first exoplanets mission, Kepler has made a dramatic entrance on the planet-hunting
scene," said Jon Morse, director of the Science Mission Directorate's Astrophysics Division at NASA
Headquarters in Washington. "Detecting this planet's atmosphere in just the first 10 days of data is
only a taste of things to come. The planet hunt is on!"
Kepler team members say these new data indicate the mission is indeed capable of finding
Earth-like planets, if they exist. Kepler will spend the next three-and-a-half years searching for
planets as small as Earth, including those that orbit stars in a warm zone where there could be
water. It will do this by looking for periodic dips in the brightness of stars, which occur when orbiting
planets transit, or cross in front of, the stars.
"When the light curves from tens of thousands of stars were shown to the Kepler science team,
everyone was awed; no one had ever seen such exquisitely detailed measurements of the light
variations of so many different types of stars," said William Borucki, the principal science
investigator and lead author of the paper.
The observations were collected from a planet called HAT-P-7, known to transit a star located
about 1,000 light years from Earth. The planet orbits the star in just 2.2 days and is 26 times closer
than Earth is to the sun. Its orbit, combined with a mass somewhat larger than the planet Jupiter,
classifies this planet as a "hot Jupiter." It is so close to its star, the planet is as hot as the glowing
red heating element on a stove.
The Kepler measurements show the transit from the previously detected HAT-P-7. However, these
new measurements are so precise, they also show a smooth rise and fall of the light between
transits caused by the changing phases of the planet, similar to those of our moon. This is a
combination of both the light emitted from the planet and the light reflected off the planet. The
smooth rise and fall of light is also punctuated by a small drop in light, called an occultation, exactly
halfway between each transit. An occultation happens when a planet passes behind a star.
The new Kepler data can be used to study this hot Jupiter in unprecedented detail. The depth of
the occultation and the shape and amplitude of the light curve show the planet has an atmosphere
with a day-side temperature of about 4,310 degrees Fahrenheit. Little of this heat is carried to the
cool night side. The occultation time compared to the main transit time shows the planet has a
circular orbit. The discovery of light from this planet confirms the predictions by researchers and
theoretical models that the emission would be detectable by Kepler.
This new discovery also demonstrates Kepler has the precision to find Earth-size planets. The
observed brightness variation is just one and a half times what is expected for a transit caused by
an Earth-sized planet. Although this is already the highest precision ever obtained for an
observation of this star, Kepler will be even more precise after analysis software being developed
for the mission is completed.
"This early result shows the Kepler detection system is performing right on the mark," said David
Koch, deputy principal investigator of NASA's Ames Research Center at Moffett Field, Calif. "It
bodes well for Kepler's prospects to be able to detect Earth-size planets."
Kepler is a NASA Discovery mission. Ames is responsible for the ground system development,
mission operations and science data analysis. NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena,
Calif., manages the Kepler mission development. Ball Aerospace and Technologies Corp. of
Boulder, Colo., is responsible for developing the Kepler flight system and supporting mission
operations.
SOURCE NASA.GOV
giant gas planet, demonstrating the telescope's extraordinary scientific capabilities. The discovery
will be published Friday, Aug. 7, in the journal Science.
The find is based on a relatively short 10 days of test data collected before the official start of
science operations. Kepler was launched March 6, 2009, from Cape Canaveral Air Force Station in
Florida. The observation demonstrates the extremely high precision of the measurements made by
the telescope, even before its calibration and data analysis software were finished.
"As NASA's first exoplanets mission, Kepler has made a dramatic entrance on the planet-hunting
scene," said Jon Morse, director of the Science Mission Directorate's Astrophysics Division at NASA
Headquarters in Washington. "Detecting this planet's atmosphere in just the first 10 days of data is
only a taste of things to come. The planet hunt is on!"
Kepler team members say these new data indicate the mission is indeed capable of finding
Earth-like planets, if they exist. Kepler will spend the next three-and-a-half years searching for
planets as small as Earth, including those that orbit stars in a warm zone where there could be
water. It will do this by looking for periodic dips in the brightness of stars, which occur when orbiting
planets transit, or cross in front of, the stars.
"When the light curves from tens of thousands of stars were shown to the Kepler science team,
everyone was awed; no one had ever seen such exquisitely detailed measurements of the light
variations of so many different types of stars," said William Borucki, the principal science
investigator and lead author of the paper.
The observations were collected from a planet called HAT-P-7, known to transit a star located
about 1,000 light years from Earth. The planet orbits the star in just 2.2 days and is 26 times closer
than Earth is to the sun. Its orbit, combined with a mass somewhat larger than the planet Jupiter,
classifies this planet as a "hot Jupiter." It is so close to its star, the planet is as hot as the glowing
red heating element on a stove.
The Kepler measurements show the transit from the previously detected HAT-P-7. However, these
new measurements are so precise, they also show a smooth rise and fall of the light between
transits caused by the changing phases of the planet, similar to those of our moon. This is a
combination of both the light emitted from the planet and the light reflected off the planet. The
smooth rise and fall of light is also punctuated by a small drop in light, called an occultation, exactly
halfway between each transit. An occultation happens when a planet passes behind a star.
The new Kepler data can be used to study this hot Jupiter in unprecedented detail. The depth of
the occultation and the shape and amplitude of the light curve show the planet has an atmosphere
with a day-side temperature of about 4,310 degrees Fahrenheit. Little of this heat is carried to the
cool night side. The occultation time compared to the main transit time shows the planet has a
circular orbit. The discovery of light from this planet confirms the predictions by researchers and
theoretical models that the emission would be detectable by Kepler.
This new discovery also demonstrates Kepler has the precision to find Earth-size planets. The
observed brightness variation is just one and a half times what is expected for a transit caused by
an Earth-sized planet. Although this is already the highest precision ever obtained for an
observation of this star, Kepler will be even more precise after analysis software being developed
for the mission is completed.
"This early result shows the Kepler detection system is performing right on the mark," said David
Koch, deputy principal investigator of NASA's Ames Research Center at Moffett Field, Calif. "It
bodes well for Kepler's prospects to be able to detect Earth-size planets."
Kepler is a NASA Discovery mission. Ames is responsible for the ground system development,
mission operations and science data analysis. NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena,
Calif., manages the Kepler mission development. Ball Aerospace and Technologies Corp. of
Boulder, Colo., is responsible for developing the Kepler flight system and supporting mission
operations.
SOURCE NASA.GOV
Credit NASA
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